Tekakwitha received Christian baptism from Jesuit missionaries in New York. She later relocated to a mission village in Quebec. Catherine helped organize a women’s devotional group that practiced rigorous—some said harsh—forms of devotion, including ice baths and self-flagellation, as means to mortify their fleshly desires. When she died in 1680, she developed a following as a saint who could heal devotees. Tekakwitha also received formal recognition from Rome as a saint in 2012. The English colonies